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Silkville is a ghost town in Williamsburg Township, Franklin County, Kansas, United States. Its elevation is 1,161 feet (354 m), and it is located at (38.4500149, -95.4891477),〔 United States Geological Survey. Retrieved September 28, 2015.〕 along U.S. Route 50 southwest of Williamsburg.〔DeLorme 2009, p. 52.〕 The settlement was founded in the late 1800s by a Frenchman named Ernest de Boissière, who was a believer in Charles Fourier's idea of a utopian socialism. Silkville was a sericulture-based settlement, and remuneration was based on the proportion of production for each settler. Silkville's silk was praised at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, but loss of settlers and difficulty in selling the silk resulted in the settlements collapse. Today, only a few buildings remain. ==History== The settlement was established in 1870 by Frenchman Ernest de Boissière. Because Boissièrehad been born into a noble family and had political inclinations—which were heavily inspired by Charles Fourier—opposed by France's then-ruler Napoleon III, he was forced to flee.〔Pankratz 1972, p. 2.〕〔 Boissière first settled in New Orleans, but soon received heavy criticism for his decision to financially support orphaned black children.〔Tollefson 2015, p. 80.〕 He then decided to move to Kansas; he concluded that the state afforded him both the potential to practice his political ideas and create the type of community he desired. Boissière then purchased between 3000 and 3500 acres of land in the county from the Kansas Educational Association of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1869 and went about setting up his intentional settlement.〔〔 Silkville—which went under myriad different names, including Kansas Cooperative Farm, Prairie Home, and Valeton—was intended to be a Fourierian utopian commune that survived via silk production, and Boissière planted thousands of mulberry trees so that his silkworms could survive.〔 Boissière initially structured the system so that remuneration was based on the proportion of production for each settler, and, upon its founding, 40 French emigrants settled at the colony, each paying 100 dollars to be a part of the commune.〔〔 In 1875, Charles Sears, a friend of Boissière's, moved to Silkville, and his arrival was a boon for the settlement's sericulture. The following year, Boissière's silk was lauded at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Despite this critical reception, Silkville struggled to make money, largely because it was competing with comparatively cheaper fabrics imported from Asia, and because Boissière refused to use cost-effective American dyes.〔Tollefson 2015, p. 83.〕 Although the community initially prospered, many members left.〔 Most, when they had arrived, spoke only French, but soon they learned English and began to assimilate into mainstream society. Many immigrants also learned that for 100 dollars—the amount that they had pledged to live in the settlement—they could buy their own land.〔Tollefson 2015, p. 84.〕 To compensate Boissière, shifted production towards butter and cheese, and later stock raising. And while this was fairly successful for a while, the community eventually collapsed and dispersed. The property was given to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for use as an orphanage. Financial reasons compelled the Order to give up the property, and after a long court battle, it passed into the hands of lawyers from Topeka.〔Pankratz 1972, pp. 3, 5.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Silkville, Kansas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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